Roller trunnion and process of making the same



p 1933. w. J. STUBER ROLLER TRUNNION AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Filed 001;. a, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 26, 1933. .w. J. STU'BER 1,928,549

ROLLER TRUNNION AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Oct. 3, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented se a 25, 1933 a 1,928,549 ROLLER TnnNmoN AND rnoonss I 1 MAKING THE SAME when 1 Walter J! Stuber, Philadelphia Pa, assi gmr it (larey-Mcl all 00., Philadelphia, Pa.,-a corpora tion of Pennsylvania Application October 3, 1932. Serial No. 63 6,072 28 Claims. (01. 156- 36) This invention relates to an improved form of trunnion or pivot for spring-loaded rollers such as those employed in hanging window shades, automobile curtains, etc. Y

- The object of the present invention is to provide a highly eificient form of trunnion and a method by which thetrunnionsmay be produced in quantity at low cost on automatic machinery. Another object of the invention is to construct a trunnion of the type noted as a single piece, including a head adapted to be non-rotatably secured in a roller-supporting bracket, a ratchet portion adapted to be engagedby theppawlsin and carried by the barrel of the roller, a shank providing a bearing for the pawl carrier in the barrel of the roller to support the roller in rotatable relation to the trunnion, and an anchorage on the shank'for one end of the roller-operating spring having its opposite end anchored to the barrel or to'the pawl carrier in the barrel of the roller. a I

The present application constitutes a continuation; in part of the applicants prior application,

Serial No. 580,706, filed December 12, 1931, and

is a companion to the app icants copending ap-' plications, Serial No. 636,071, and Serial No. 636,073, respectively filed on October 3, 1932.

In the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 is a perspective View of one form of trunnionmade according to the present invention; 1 g i Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the trunnion shown in Fig. 1

Fig. 3 is a plan view of i the trunnion shown in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. dis a transversesectional elevation taken on the line 4-4, Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a view illustrating the successive steps attending "the manufacture of the trunnions 4 shown in Figs. 1 to 'linclusive from a bar of stock material; I v

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view of a modified form of trunnion; r, 3

Fig. '7 is a view of another modification of'the invention; A x I g l 7 Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively a sideelevation and plan view of another ,variationfwithin'the scope of the invention; M I

Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line l0--10, Fig. 8; j l H q M Fig. 11 is a fragmentary View of the blank from which the trunnion shown in Figs. 8 to 10 inelusive is formed;

section and arranged to be non-rotatably sup- FigSp 12 and I3: are respectively a side. eIeva tion and plan of still another variation of the trunnion; v 1

Fig.14 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line 1414, Fig. 12; and Fig. 15 is afragmentary view of the blank from which the trunnion of Figs. 12, 13 and 14 is formed.

The trunnion shown in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive comprises a head 1 which is of a rectangular cross ported in a bracket or hanger as disclosed in the copending applications above-noted- In some instances the end 2 of the head 1 functions asan abutment or shoulder for positioning the trunnion in its supporting bracket, so that the end of the roller and the edge of the curtain thereon will be in a definitely spaced relation to the adjacent face of the supporting bracket, while in other instances, as will be noted hereinafter, other portions of the head or appendages thereto tunetion in such capacity. 1 i

Formed integral with the head 1 at the end opposite the end 2'thereotis a ratchet portion 3 which is provided with indentations 4 and 5 on its opposite faces respectively adjacent the opposite edges respectively which serve as ratchet teeth for cooperation with the pawls of the roller. As shown clearly in Fig, 4, the ratchet portion l 3 is of the same thickness as the head 1 but of lesser width than said head and the ratchet portion 3 istwisted about the longitudinal axis a: of the trunnion to a plane disposedanywhere from forty-five to ninety degrees with respect to the plane of the head 1, which latter, whenxthe trunnion is in the roller-supporting position, is preferably disposed in an approximately verti-; cal position. It is, preferred to twist the ratchet portion 3 as nearly to a ninety degree relation tothe head as possible, in order to present one of the ratchet teeth or indentations a and 5 in the most favorable position to be engaged by and to retain one of the pawls of the roller ina prac-; tical position to prevent'rotation of the roller by its actuating spring. For all-practical pure poses, and in order to reduce to a minimum the:

- stance, is of a rectangular cross section disposed in .the same general. plane as the ratchet portion 3 but having a lesser width than the ratchet portion 3, whereby shoulders 8, 8 are provided on the trunnion which limitthe movement of the roller bearing, afiorded by the pawl carrier of the roller, longitudinally of the trunnion in a direction toward the head 1 of the trunnion. This bearing of the roller is adapted to rotate freely on a bearing portion 9 of the trunnion disposed immediately adjacent the shoulders 8, afforded by the ratchet portion 3. The said bearing of the roller is adapted to engage and turn on and about the corners 10,10 of the bearing portion 9 of the trunnion, the bore of the bearing being of sufiicient size to permit of free rotation about the said rectangular portion 9 of the trunnion.

The bearing portion 9 of the trunnion merges into a tapered spring anchorage portion 11 of rectangular cross section, wherein the corners 12, 12 are notched as at 13, 13 in oifset relation to provide a screw thread effect adapted to cooperate with the convolutions of the end of the roller operating spring to facilitate theassembling of the spring and the trunnion. As the tapered screw threaded end of the trunnion is threaded into the end of the spring the convolutions of the spring enter the notches 13 in the edges of the trunnion and the tapered form of this portion of the trunnion causes the successive convolutions of the spring to expand radially, thus increasing the frictional grip between the trunnion and the spring to such an extent that for all practical operating purposes the spring becomes rigidly attached to the trunnion. The leading end of the spring finally runs onto and firmly grips the nontapered portion 9 of the trunnion shank and forms an abutment for the pawl carrier, in which the said bearing of'the roller is formed, at the side of the carrier opposite to that which bears against the shoulders 8, 8,'thus the pawl carrier is limited in its movement on the bearing portion 9 of the shank between the shoulders 8, 8 and the end of the operating spring.

In some-instances the trunnion may be provided with an additionally reduced rectangular cross sectional appendage in axial alignment with the shank '7 of the trunnion, as illustrated at 14 in Fig. 7, for providing a second bearing for the trunnion in the barrel of the roller to stabilize the trunnion in the roller under certain conditions. The said second bearing in the roller may be provided to bear on any desired portion of the appendage 14, preferably thatportion immediately adjacent the outer end thereof, beyond the end of the spring, and if a single coil spring is used the said second hearing may be provided by a plate secured in the barrel of the roller,

when a hollow metal cylindrical roller barrel is used, 'to which the second end of the spring is secured. In cases of wooden rollers using single or double'coil springs the body of the roller at the end of the bore in which the spring is located may be counterbored for the reception of the endof the appendage 14, to provide a bearing therefor. Y T

In instances such as shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11, the neck 6a, between the head la and ratchet portion 3a, to which the twist between the two is confined, is of a lesser width than the head 10. and of greater width than the ratchet portion 3a. In this instance the twisted neck (is forms a second bearing surface in the roller which in'this case is provided by the cap or other closure at the end of the roller which se- -cures the pawl carrier inthe roller and hides the pawls from View. The twist in the neck 6a tends to circumferentially elongate the bearing surface afforded thereby so that such bearing surface is distributed over a greater number of is merely forced into the end of the spring which is expanded thereby and grips the shank firmly on the corners thereof. This construction, however, does not afford the finer degree of adjustment between the spring and the shank that will permit the distance between the shoulders 8a and the end of the spring to be accurately determined to obtain the best running fit for the bearing afforded by the pawl carrier which rotates on the shank portion 9a between the shoulders 8a and the end of the spring.

In instances where the trunnion is used in connection with a'supporting bracket having a plate in which an opening is formed to receive the rectangular head 1, and wherein a shield is provided to hide the end of the trunnion from view, the end 2 of the trunnion head 1 may pass through the supporting plate of the bracket and bear against the inner surface of the shield, to determine the distance between the end of the roller and the bracket.

In other instances where no shield is employed on the supporting bracket, the twist in the neck 6 or (is may function as a shoulder, as indicated at 2a, to limit the movement of the trunnion in one direction relative to the bracket to space the end of the roller definitely from the bracket; and in other instances the head of the trunnion may be provided with laterally projecting cars 15, 15 as shown in Fig. 6, providing limiting shoulders 21), 22) on the trunnion.

' In some instances as in Figs. 12 to 15, the neck may be reduced to a width less than the width of the ratchet portion 30 to facilitate the twisting of the head 10 relative to the said ratchet portion 30, whereby the greatest degree of relative twist may be accomplished with the least possibilities of fracturing the metal of or adjacent the neck.

The method by which the trunnion in each instance noted above is formed is substantially the same and varies only in the amount of metal removed from the bars of stock from which the various forms of trunnions are produced.

The trunnion illustrated in Figs. '1 to 4 is produced from a bar of stock of rectangular cross section 20, shown in Fig. 5, and which is of a width and thickness substantially equal to the width and thickness of the head 1 of the trunnion. The bar 20 is fed to a position A in a punch press of any desired make having cooperating punches and dies capable of producing the ratchet indentations 4 and 5 in opposite faces respectively of the bar. The bar then advances to position B in a second punch press, or to a second set of piuiches and dies in the same punch press, whereby portions 21, 21 are removed from opposite edges respectively of the bar 20 to provide for the reduction in the width of the ratchet portion 3 of the trunnion relative to the width of the head 1 thereof. j

The bar advances then to position C, wherein portions22, 220i the opposite edges respectively of the bar are removed by another. set of punches and dies to eifect reductioninthe width of the shank 7,of the trunnion below the width of the ratchet portion 3. Y I v' In position D, the shank 7 is subjected to the cooperative action of a set of dies byv which the notches '13, 13 are formed in the edges" 12, 12 of the taperedportion'll of the shank 7.: 1

At position E the head 1 is twisted relative to the ratchet portion 3 and shank 70f the trunnion. This twisting may be performed by any desirable or" availablemeans, but preferably is produced by a set of relatively movable dies having fiat horizontal surfaces arranged, parallel to each other for gripping the ratchet portion :3 and shank portion 7 flatly therebetween and adjacent such surface the cooperating dies'may have coopcrating surfaces disposed at an angle to those arranged to grip the ratchet portion 3 and shank 7, whereby when the" dies move one toward the other, common inrvertical punch presses, the inclined surfaces will engage the head portionl of the trunnion while the horizontal surfaces are engaging the ratchet portion 3 and shank 7 of the trunnion, thus the head 1 will be twisted relative to the; ratchet portion 3 and shank 7 about the longitudinalldies offlthe bar and the trunnion being thus operated upon. In order to allow the neck 6 to twist without interference the horizontal surfaces adapted to engage the ratchet I and shank portions of the trunnion are preffaces adapted trunnion.

erahly spaced from the relatively inclined surto engage the head 1 of' the The trunnion '15 then complete andupon the next advance of the bar 20 movestoposition F wherein the preceding finished trunnion is severed alongthe line e-,-e from the trunnion-om cupying position F. I

In making the trunnion shown inlFig. 6, the bar of stock would have a width corresponding to the measurement from end to end of the cars 15, ,15 in a direction transverse of the trunnion and the reduction of the bar to the width of the head 1 by removal of portions '23, 23 (see Fig, 6) may be effected simultaneous withthe removal of the portions 21,. 21 of the bar in position B or. in a separate operationbeiore or after-the Likewise in forming the. trunnion shown in Figs. 12 to 15, the portions 24, 24 may be removed at the same time as the portions 21, 21. 1

The same is true in regardgto the removal of i portions-25,25 in forming the trunnion shown in Figs. 8 to 11 to reduce the width ofthe neck 6a to a width intermediatethatnof the head la and the ratchet portion 3a. I I Iclaim: i q 1 g 1. A trunnion for a roller providedwith apawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direction about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of a barrectangular inlcross section and comprising a head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, and a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl. 2. A trunnion for a, roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direc tion about the of the trunnion, said trunnion consistilfig solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a. head portion affording non-rotative support for the'trunnion', a toothed portionaxiallyaligned with'thehead portion for ratchetengage'rnent withthe pawl, and a bearing i tion about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely, of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a head portion aiiording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a. toothed portion axially aligned with the head portionfor ratchet .engagementwith the pawl, and a shank axiallyaligned withthe head and ratchet toothed portions affording anchorage for 1one endof a spring adapted to "rotate. the roller in said direction about the axis of the trunnion. 4. Atrunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of theroller in one direction about the axis of the trunnion, saidtrunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising ahead portion vaifording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, a shank axially aligned withthe head and ratchet toothed portions afiordinga bearing surface for the roller adjacent said ratchet toothed portion and a tapered end on said shank beyond said bearing surface affording anchorage for one end of a spring adapted to rotatethe roller in said direction about the axis of the trunnion. I

5. A trunnion for ,a rollerprovidedwith' a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direction about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of abar rectangular in cross section andcomprising a headportion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially. aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, a shank V axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, said'ratchet toothed portion being twisted circularly about the axis of the trunnion to a plane disposed at an angle .to that of the head 'portion.

7; Atrunnion for a roller provided witha 'pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in'one direc-- tion aboutthe axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular"in 't' cross sectionand comprising. a head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, atoothed portion axially aligned with'the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, and an'eck portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet 1 40 toothed portions and disposed intermediate said portionasaid ratchet portion beingtwistedircularly about the axis of the trunnion to a plane disposed at an angle to that of saidhead portion, said twist'taking place in saidne'ck'portlon;

8. A trunnion for aroller providedwith apawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direc tion about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of-a bar rectangular'in cross sectionand comprising a head portion afiording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, a neck portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions and disposed intermediate said portions, said ratchet portion being twisted circularly aboutthe axis of the trunnion to a plane disposed at an angle to that of said head portion; said twist taking place in said neck portion, and a shoulder aiforded by one of said portions for engagement with a bracket supporting said trunnion to limit axial movement of the trunnion in one direction relative to the bracket. 4

9. A trunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direction about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, a neck portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions and disposed intermediate said portions, said ratchet portion being twisted circularly about the axis of the trunnion to a plane disposed at an angle to that of said head portion, said twist taking place in said neck portion, and a shoulder afforded by the twisted neck portion for engagement with a bracket supporting said trunnion to limit axial movement of the trunnion in one direction relative to the bracket.

10. A trunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one idirection about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a head portion afl'ording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head .portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, a neck portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions and disposed intermediate said portions, said ratchet portion being twisted circularly about the axis of the trunnion to a plane disposed at an angle to that of said head portion, said twist taking place in said neck portion, and a shoulder on the head portion for engagement with a bracket supporting said trunnion to limit axial movement of the trunnion 1 in one direction relative to the bracket.

11. A trunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direction about the axis'of the trunnion,.said trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, and a neck portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions and disposed intermediate said portions, said ratchet portion being twisted circularly about the axis of the trunnion to a plane disposed at an angle to that of said head portion, said twist taking place in said neckportion and afiording a bearing surface for the. roller on the trunnion.

12. A trunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direction about the axis of the trunnion, said .trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross sectionand comprisinga head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement'with the pawl, "a neck portion axially. aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions and disposed intermediate said portions, said ratchet portion being twisted circularly about the-axis of the trunnion to a plane disposed at an angle to that of said head portion, said twist taking place in said neck portion and aifording a bearing surface for the roller on the trunnion, and a portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portion and affording a second bearing for the roller on the trunnion.

13.,A trunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direction about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, a neck portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions and disposed intermediate said portions, said ratchet portion being twisted circularly about the axis of the trunnion to a plane'disposed at an angle to that of said head portion, said twist taking place in said neck portion and affording a bearing surface for the roller on the trunnion, and a portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portion and affording a second bearing for the roller on the trunnion immediately adjacent the ratchet toothed portion.

14. A trunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direction about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, and a bearing portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions afiording rotative support for the roller on the trunnion immediately adjacent the ratchet toothed portion and at a point removed from said ratchet toothed portion.

15. A trunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one dlrection about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, a toothed portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl, a bearing portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions affording rotative support for the roller on the trunnion immediately adjacent the ratchet toothed portion and at a point removed from said ratchet toothed portion, and a tapered portion intermediate the two said rotative supports affording anchorage for one end of a spring adapted to rotate the roller about the axis of the trunnion.

16. A trunnion for a roller having an actuating spring and stop pawl, said trunnion consisting of a bar of rectangular cross section and comprising a head portion of predetermined width for non-rotatably supporting the trunnion in a roller-hanging fixture, a ratchet toothed portion of lesser width than the head portion axially aligned with and circularly twisted with respect to the head portion and provided with indentations 145 forming the ratchet teeth for engagement by the pawl, and a shank portion of lesser width than the ratchet toothed portion axially aligned with the headandratchet toothed portions and tapered adjacent its end remote from the ratchet 150 f1, 92s,54o I l toothed portion affording 1 an anchorage for one endofthespring; f f

17. A trunnion' for a roller havingan actuating spring and stop pawl, said trunnion consisting ofa bar'of rectangular cross section and comprising a head portion of predetermined'width for non-rotatahly'supportihg the trunnion in aroller-hangingiixture, aratchet toothed portion or lesserwidth than the headportion axiallyaligned with and circularly twisted with respect to the head portion and provided with indentations forming the ratchetteeth forengagment by the pawl, a shank portion of i lesser width than the ratchet'toothed portion axially aligned withthe head and ratchet toothed portions and tapered adjacent its end remote from the ratchet toothed portion affording an anchorage for one end or, the spring,'and a neck portion "intermediate the head and ratchet toothed portions and of lesser" width than either thereof wherein the twistbetween the head and ratchet toothed portions occurs.

18, A trunnion for a roller having an actuating spring and stop pawl, said trunnion consisting of a bar of rectangular cross section and comprising a head portion of predetermined width for non-rotatably supporting the trunnion in a roller-hanging fixture, a ratchet toothed portion of lesser width than the head portion axially aligned with and circularly twisted with respect to the head portion and provided with indentations forming the ratchet teeth for engagement by the pawl, a shank portion-of lesser width than the ratchet toothed portion axially aligned with the, "head and ratchet toothed portions and tapered adjacent its end remote from the ratchet toothed portion affording an anchorage for one end of the spring, a neck portion intermediate the head and ratchet toothed portions and of lesser width than "either thereof wherein the twist between the head and ratchet toothed portions occurs, and ears projecting laterally from the head portion adjacent the neck portion for-engagement with 19. A trunnion for a roller having an actuating spring and stop pawl, said trunnion consisting of a bar of rectangular cross sectionand comprising a head portion of predetermined width for non-rotatably supporting the trunnion in a roller-hanging fixture, a ratchet toothed portion of lesser width than the head portion axially aligned with and circularly twisted with respect to thehead portion and provided with indentations forming the ratchet teeth for engagement by the pawl, and a shank portion of lesser width than the ratchet toothed portion axially aligned with the head and ratchettoothed portions and tapered adjacent its end remote from the ratchet toothed portion and provided with notches along the corners of its rectangular cross section af-" fording a screw-threaded anchorage for one end of the spring. a

20. A trunnion for a roller having an actuate ing spring and stop pawl, said trunnion consisting of a bar of rectangular cross section and comprising a head portion of predetermined width for non-rotatably supporting the trunnion in a roller-hanging fixture, a ratchet toothed portion of lesser width than the head portion axially aligned with and circularly twisted with respect to the head portion and provided with indentations forming the ratchet teeth for engagement by the pawl, and a shank portion of lesser width than the ratchet toothed portion axially aligned with the head and ratchet toothed portions and tapered adjacentiits end remote from the ratchet toothed portion and provided with notches along the corners-of its rectangular cross section-af fording a screw-threaded anchoragefor one end of the spring, said shank intermediate said tapered portion and the ratchet toothed portion afiording a bearing surface for the roller on he unnotched "corners or the rectangular cross section of the shank.

The method of producing'roller trunnionbars which comprises the removal of predeterminedportions or stock along the opposite longitudinal edges of a bar of rectangular cross sec tion to form head, ratchet and shank portions of the trunnion, andtwisting the bar circularly about its longitudinal axis intermediate the head and ratchet portions. l

"EZLThe method orproducingroller trunnionQ bars which comprises the removal of eorresponding-portions of stock along the opposite edges respectively of a bar of rectangular cross section to form head, ratchet and shank'portions of a trunnion in progressively decreasing widths, in-

clenting the ratchet portion to produce teeth therein, notching-the corners of the rectangular shank to provide a screw thread thereon, and twisting the bar circularly about its longitudinal axis intermediate the head and ratchet portions to obtain a predetermined angular relation be tween the plane of the head portion and that of the ratchet portion.

24. The method of producing roller trunnion bars which comprises the removal of corresponding portions of stock'along the opposite edges respectively of a bar of rectangular cross section to form head, ratchet and shank portions of a trunnion, indenting the ratchet portion to produce teeth therein, twisting the bar circularly about its longitudinal axis intermediate the head and ratchet portions to obtain a predetermined angular relation between the plane of the head portion and that of the ratchet portion, and severing the trunnion on a line transversely of the bar at the juncture of the end of the shank of the one trunnion and the head of the next trunnion formed in successive order-along the bar.

which comprises the removal of corresponding portions of stock along the opposite edges re-: spectively of a bar of rectangular cross section to form head, ratchet and shank portions of a trunnion in progressively decreasing widths, indenting the ratchet portion to produce teeth therein, notching the [corners of the rectangular shank to provide a screw thread thereon, twisting the bar circularly about its longitudinal axis intermediate the head and ratchet portions to obtain a predetermined angular relation between the plane of the head portion and that of the ratchet portion, and severing the trunnion on a line transversely of the bar at the juncture of the end of the shank of the one trunnion and the 25. The method of producing roller trunnions] head of the next trunnion formed in successive order along the bar. V 4 Y 26. Themethod of producing roller trunnion bars which comprises the removal of corresponding portions of stock along the opposite respective edges of a rectangular bar to form head, neck, ratchet and shank portions'of a trunnion in the bar with the head, ratchet and shank portions of progressively decreasing widths and the neck of approximately the same width as the shank, and twisting the bar circularly about its longitudinal axis at the narrowed neck portion of the trunnion to place the plane of the ratchet portion of the trunnion at a predetermined angle with respect to the planeof the head portion.

, 27. The method of producing roller trunnion bars which comprises the removal of corresponding portions of -stock along-the opposite respective edges of a rectangular bar to form head, neck, ratchet and shank portions of a trunnion in the bar with the head, ratchet and shank portions of progressively, decreasing widths and the neck of approximately the same width as the shank, indenting the opposite faces of the bar at opposite sides of the longitudinal center of the bar within the ratchet portion of the trunnion to provide ratchet teeth thereon, and twisting the bar circularly about its longitudinal axis at the narrowed neck portion of the trunnion to place the plane of the ratchet portion of the trunnion at a predetermined angle with respect to the plane of the head portion.

28. A trunnion for a roller provided with a pawl for arresting rotation of the roller in one direction about the axis of the trunnion, said trunnion consisting solely of a bar rectangular in cross section and comprising a head portion affording non-rotative support for the trunnion, and a ratchet portion axially aligned with the head portion for ratchet engagement with the pawl.

WALTER J. STU'BER. 

